Television/ Broadcast Journalism – Television journalism is a specific way of conveying information based on a visual code, without which television is impossible. The message is the image. The textual structures are complemented or subordinated to the optical element, which is the determining factor. The image grants the journalist an irreplaceable part that marks the difference between television and the rest of the news media: the idea is endowed with the extraordinary and irreplaceable ability to generate emotional reactions in the audience.
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Television journalism aims to narrate the information. It implies making significant the audio-visual resources where the camera interprets to tell. The edition becomes a dramatic strategy, and the journalist is interested in how to narrate, more than answering the informative questions and their appearance on the screen. Doing good television journalism means abandoning the ways of structuring the information in radio and written journalism to gain the vitality of the audio-visual resource; it forces us to leave the realm of rhetoric and words to achieve the aesthetic and cultural subtleties of the audio-visual.
Journalistic genres have adapted to this reality. Thus, in television journalism, the genres named by Cebrian Herreros (1992) as expository are fundamentally located; that is, the news, but with specific textual characteristics: short texts, subject to the image and, in many, completing or explaining it; the report, the journalistic account, the dramatic documentary, which can be considered a new journalistic genre created expressly by the television channel.
The television journalist must act within the horizon of affection and intelligently update the industrial imperative of entertaining from information but without creating sensationalism.
The information must correspond and complement what the images show, which should not stay described because the viewer sees them on his television. These characteristics categorically differentiate the informative treatment of tv from the treatments of other media. Because of working with image and sound, television journalists face more difficult challenges than their colleagues from other journalistic manifestations.
The importance of television journalism lies above all in that it is the primary source of social knowledge for the majority of the population. Currently, it constitutes the political space from which viewers’ opinion configured around the country’s problems. It directly influences the audience and can reflect and transform reality, significantly affecting the climate of opinion.
More and more people informed only through television. The social reality constructed by the media greatly influences viewers through television journalism. Hence, the journalist’s responsibility has to write the stories well and make them intelligible.
It has been proven that people aware of news events through television, although they later resort to other media, such as the newspaper or magazines, to deepen the information. This possibility of being the first to provide information to the population entails the need to handle very well and with ethical criteria the different journalistic genres such as the informative note, the report, the documentary, the docudrama, the interview, the vox populi, the debate, chronicle and criticism that are present daily in television news programs.
To work as a journalist on television is to remain convinced that information is fundamentally image and sound. For this reason, everything written or reported must be at the service of these characteristics of television language. The following can remain mentioned:
The viewer hears and sees the facts with reality as a reference. There is a process of transfiguration or interpretation where reality is not reality but a reflection of it, acting in the extreme as a mirror to create media realism. The image is more polysemic.
In the same real-time in which life produced, which is in permanent movement, in steps from the future to the past and vice versa, it gives it an openly narrative form of expression. It is conducive to telling stories of all kinds where the viewer can feel involved. As one more protagonist of a story that takes place in an indefinite time.
In this creation of times and distances that generate visions of diverse worlds from an appearance of reality. The spectator can not only feel reflected in his existence but also his dreams and internal worlds, desires and fantasies.
The images that appear on the screen have a direct purpose and a symbolic meaning. Which allows the intrusion of a deeper reality beyond appearances and where the viewer’s referents begin to work. That is, the interactive role of the audience in front of the television message.
Beyond its symbolic significance, it is related to its surroundings in a double context. The integration of the image within a temporal continuum, that is, how some photos arranged and related. To each other to build a message (montage or edition), and the mental context of the viewer. What each person perceives before an audio-visual message depending on each person.
Television journalism expresses the human being from home, his work, the streets, his daily work, his problems, that is, a being immersed in society.
Television journalism offers the immediacy of the event with a reach of information to a wide sector of the population.
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